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1 ? fn6698.0 ISL9214A li-ion/li-polymer battery charger accepting two power sources the ISL9214A is a fully integrated low-cost single-cell li-ion or li-polymer battery charger. the charger accepts two power inputs, normally one from a usb (universal serial bus) port and the other from a desktop cradle. the ISL9214A is an ideal charger for smart handheld devices that need to communicate with a personal computer via usb. the ISL9214A features 28v maximum voltages for both the cradle and the usb inputs. due to the 28v rated inputs, low-cost, large output tolerance adapters can be used safely. when both inputs are powered, the cradle input is used to charge the battery. the charge current is programmable for the cradle input with a small resistor. the end-of-charge current is also programmable by another external resistor. the charger incorporates thermaguard? which protects the ic against over-temperature. if the die temperature rises above a typical value of +125c, a thermal foldback function reduces the charge current automatically to prevent further temperature rise. the charger has two indication pins. the ppr (power present) pin outputs an open-drain logic low when either the cradle or t he usb input power is attached. the chg (charge) pin is also an open-drain output that indicates a logic low when the charge current is above a minimum current level. when the charge current is below the preset minimum current, the chg pin will indicate a logic high signal. this status is latched and will be reset under one of the following events: 1. the part is disabled and re-enabled 2. the selected input source has been removed and re- applied 3. the usbon turns low 4. the bat pin voltage falls below the recharge threshold (~3.9v). features ? complete charger for single-cell li-ion/polymer batteries ? dual input power sources for cradle and usb ? low component count ? integrated pass elements ? fixed 380ma usb charge current ? programmable cradle charge current ? charge current thermaguard? for thermal protection ? 28v maximum voltages for cradle and usb inputs ? adapter presence and charge indications ? less than 0.5a leakage current off the battery when no input power attached ? programmable end-of-charge current ? ambient temperature range: -40c to +85c ? no external blocking diode required applications ? smart handheld devices ? cell phones, pdas, mp3 players ? digital still cameras ? handheld test equipment related literature ? technical brief tb363 ?guidelines for handling and processing moisture sensit ive surface mount devices (smds)? ? technical brief tb389 ?pcb land pattern design and surface mount guidelines for qfn packages? pinout ISL9214A (10 ld dfn) top view ordering information part number (note) part marking temp. range (c) package (pb-free) pkg. dwg. # ISL9214Airz* 214a -40 to +85 10 ld 3x3 dfn l10.3x3c *add ?-t? suffix for tape and reel. please refer to tb347 for details on reel specifications. note: these intersil pb-free pl astic packaged products employ special pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal - e3 termination finish, which is rohs compliant and compatible with both snpb and pb-free soldering operations. intersil pb-fre e products are msl classified at pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the pb-free requirements of ipc/jedec j std-020. 2 3 4 1 5 9 8 7 10 6 bat icdl gnd usbon imin crdl usb ppr chg en data sheet may 5, 2008 caution: these devices are sensitive to electrosta tic discharge; follow proper ic handling procedures. 1-888-intersil or 1-888-468-3774 | intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of intersil americas inc. copyright intersil americas inc. 2008. all rights reserved . thermaguard is a trademark of intersil americas inc. all other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
2 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 block diagram usb bat + - v ref va - + ca i r icdl imin reference current control temp monitor ena cppr lbat cppr control usb crdl bat ppr chg gnd crdl usbon en ISL9214A
3 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 typical applications a simple charger accepting power from both a usb port and a desktop cradle a simple charger with programmable charge current and wide input voltage range table 1. component selection r icdl 12.4k for 0.55a cradle charge current r imin 10k for 55ma end-of-charge current r 3 , r 4 350 c 1 , c 2 , c 3 1f ceramic capacitor r 1 , r 2 1 d 1 , d 2 leds table 2. component selection r icdl 12.4k for 0.55a cradle charge current r imin 10k for 55ma end-of-charge current r 3 , r 4 350 c 1 , c 3 1f ceramic capacitor r 1 1 d 1 , d 2 leds to battery crdl bat icdl imin to usb connector c 1 r 4 c 3 usb en chg c 2 to cradle connector r icdl r 2 usbon on off gnd ppr r 3 d 1 d 2 disable enable r imin r 1 ISL9214A to battery crdl bat icdl imin c 1 r 4 c 3 usb en chg to cradle connector r icdl usbon gnd ppr r 3 d 1 d 2 disable enable r imin r 1 ISL9214A ISL9214A
4 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 absolute maximum rati ngs thermal information supply voltage (crdl, usb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3v to 28v other input voltage (en , usbon, icdl, imin, bat) . . . -0.3v to 7v open-drain pull-up voltage (ppr , chg ) . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3v to 7v recommended operating conditions ambient temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40c to +85c supply voltage (usb pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3v to 5.5v supply voltage (crdl pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3v to 24v typical cradle charge current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100ma to 1a typical usb charge current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380ma thermal resistance ja (c/w) jc (c/w) dfn package (notes 1, 2) . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5 maximum junction temperature (plastic package) . . . . . . . +150c maximum storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . .-65c to +150c pb-free reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/pb-freereflow.asp caution: do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed fo r extended periods of time. exposure to such conditions may adv ersely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. notes: 1. ja is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high ef fective thermal conductivity te st board with ?direct attach? fe atures. see tech brief tb379. 2. for theta jc the "case temp." location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. electrical specifications typical values are tested at usb = crdl = 5v an d +25c ambient temperature, maximum and minimum values are established over the recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise noted. parameter symbol test conditions min typ max units power-on reset rising usb/crdl threshold 3.4 3.9 4.2 v falling usb/crdl threshold 3.15 3.3 3.45 v vin-bat offset voltage rising edge v os v bat = 4.0v, use chg pin to indicate the comparator output (note 3) - 150 250 mv falling edge v os 20 80 - mv standby current bat pin sink current i standby en = high or both inputs are floating - 0.05 0.5 a crdl pin supply current i crdl en = high - 150 220 a usb pin supply current i usb - 150 220 a crdl/usb pin supply current en = low or floating - 0.55 0.8 ma voltage regulation output voltage v ch load = 10ma 4.158 4.2 4.242 v output voltage v ch load = 10ma (t j = +25c) 4.174 4.2 4.226 v crdl pmos on-resistance v bat = 3.8v, i charger = 0.3a, (t j = +25c) 200 600 850 m usb pmos on-resistance v bat = 3.8v, i charger = 0.3a, (t j = +25c) 200 600 850 m charge current (note 4) icdl pin output voltage v icdl v bat = 3.8v 1.19 1.22 1.25 v crdl input constant charge current i charge r icdl = 12.4k , vbat: 2.7v to 3.8v 520 550 580 ma crdl input trickle charge current i trickle r icdl = 12.4k , v bat = 2.2v given as a % of the crdl i charge 16 18 20 % crdl and usb end-of-charge threshold i min r imin = 10.0k 46.5 55 63.5 ma usb input constant charge current i charge usbon = high, vbat: 2.7v to 3.8v 332 380 410 ma usb input trickle charge current i trickle vbat = 2.2v 66 80 91 ma preconditioning charge threshold preconditioning charge threshold voltage v min 2.5 2.6 2.7 v ISL9214A
5 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 recharge threshold recharge threshold voltage v rch 3.8 3.9 4.0 v internal temperature monitoring current foldback threshold (note 5) t fold 110 125 140 c logic input and output usbon logic input high 1.3 - - v usbon logic input low --0.4v en pin logic input high 1.3 - - v en pin logic input low --0.4v en pin internal pull-down resistance 350 600 850 k usbon pin internal pull- down resistance 700 1000 1300 k chg /ppr sink current pin voltage = 0.8v 10 - - ma notes: 3. the 4.0v v bat is selected so that the chg output can be used as the indication for the offset comparator output indication. if the v bat is lower than the por threshold, no output pin can be used for indication. 4. the charge current can be affected by the thermal foldback func tion if the ic under the test setup cannot dissipate the heat. 5. limits established by characteri zation and are not production tested. electrical specifications typical values are tested at usb = crdl = 5v an d +25c ambient temperature, maximum and minimum values are established over the recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise noted. (continued) parameter symbol test conditions min typ max units typical operating performance the test conditions for the typica l operating performance are: v in = 5v, t a = +25c, r icdl = 12.4k , r imin = 10.0k , v bat = 3.7v, unless otherwise noted. figure 1. charger output voltage vs temperature fig ure 2. charger output voltage vs input voltage 4.10 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.20 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) v bat (v) crdl usb charge current = 1ma 4.1900 4.1925 4.1950 4.1975 4.2000 4.2025 4.2050 4.2075 4.2100 0 5 10 15 20 25 v in (v) v bat (v) crdl usb charge current = 1ma ISL9214A
6 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 figure 3. charge current vs output voltage figure 4. charge current vs ambient temperature figure 5. r ds(on) vs temperature at 3.7v output fi gure 6. reverse current vs temperature figure 7. cradle input quiescent current vs temperature figure 8. usb input quiescent current vs temperature typical operating performance the test conditions for the typica l operating performance are: v in = 5v, t a = +25c, r icdl = 12.4k , r imin = 10.0k , v bat = 3.7v, unless otherwise noted. (continued) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 v bat (v) charge current (ma) crdl, r icdl = 12.4k usb 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) charge current (ma) usb crdl, r icdl = 12.4k 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 -40-20 0 20 40 60 80100 temperature (c) r ds(on) ( ) crdl usb 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) leakage current (a) v bat = 4.2v 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) quiescent current usb crdl i out = 0ma 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 -40-20 0 20406080100120140 temperature (c) quiescent current usb crdl i out = 0ma ISL9214A
7 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 functional pin description crdl (pin 1) cradle input. this pin is usually connected to a cradle power input. the maximum input voltage is 28v. the charge current from this pin is progra mmable with the icdl pin up to 1a. when this pin is connected to a power source, no charge current is drawn from the usb pin. a 1f or larger value ceramic capacitor is re commended for decoupling. usb (pin 2) usb input. this pin is usually connected to a usb port power connector and other sources that are also acceptable. the charge current from the usb pin is fixed at typically 380ma. a 1f or larger value ceramic capacitor is recommended for decoupling. it is also recommended to have a 1 resistor in series with the decoupling capacitor to prevent an over-shoot voltage when a usb cable is plugged in. ppr (pin 3) power presence indication. an open-drain output pin, which turns on when either the usb input voltage or the crdl input voltage is above its por level, regardless of the charger is enabled or disabled, otherwise it turns off. this pin provides a wake-up signal to a microprocessor when either the cradle or the usb power is connected. chg (pin 4) charge indication pin. an open-drain output, which turns on when the charge current is above programmable threshold, otherwise it turns off. en (pin 5) enable logic input. connect to low or leave floating to enable the charger. imin (pin 6) imin is the programmable input for the end-of-charge current. imin is calculated by using equation 1: where r imin is in k . imin is applicable for both cradle and usb charging. usbon (pin 7) the usbon pin is a control input to turn off the usb charge function if desired. connect to low or leave floating to turn off usb charge. gnd (pin 8) system ground. icdl (pin 9) the icdl pin has two functions. the first function is to program the cradle charge current during the constant-current mode. the voltage of this pin is 1.22v during the constant-cu rrent mode of the cradle charger. the constant-current mode current is programmed by using equation 2: where r icdl is the resistor in k , connected to the icdl pin (see ?typical applications? on page 3). it is recommended that the charge current be programmed in the range of 100ma to 1000ma. the second function of the icdl pin is to monitor the actual charge current. the voltage of this pin, v icdl , is proportional to the actual charge current, i chg . figure 9. cradle input quiescent current vs input voltage figure 10. usb input quiescent current vs input voltage typical operating performance the test conditions for the typica l operating performance are: v in = 5v, t a = +25c, r icdl = 12.4k , r imin = 10.0k , v bat = 3.7v, unless otherwise noted. (continued) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 5 10 15 20 25 temperature (c) quiescent current disabled enabled i out = 0ma disabled enabled i out = 0ma 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 5 10 15 20 25 temperature (c) quiescent current disabled enabled i out = 0ma disabled enabled i out = 0ma i min 550 r imin ---------------- ma () = (eq. 1) i cdl 6820 r icdl ----------------- ma () = (eq. 2) ISL9214A
8 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 the cradle charge current should be programmed equal or higher than the usb current; otherwise, the icdl pin voltage will be higher than 1.22v durin g the constant-current mode when the usb charger is working. the charger still works properly but the accuracy of the current monitoring voltage degrades and saturates at approximately 2.1v. bat (pin 10) charger output pin. connect this pin to the battery pack or the battery cell. a 1f or lar ger value ceramic capacitor is recommended for decoupling. the charger relies on the battery for stability so a battery should always be connected to the bat pin. description the ISL9214A is designed for a single-cell li-ion or li-polymer battery charging circuit that accepts both a usb port and a desktop cradle as its power so urce. while the charge-current from the usb input source is fixed at 380ma, the charge current from the cradle input is programmable between 0.1a and 1.0a by the resistor r icdl . similarly, the end-of-charge current is programmable by connecting a resistor at the imin pin. the end-of-charge threshold can be calculated with the equation 1 given in the ?fun ctional pin description? on page 7. the same threshold applies to both the cradle and the usb inputs. input auto selection when both input sources are present, the charger selects only one power source to charge the battery. when the crdl input is higher than the por threshold, crdl is selected as the power source, otherwise, the usb input is selected. if the crdl input voltage is below the battery voltage but the usb input voltage is higher than the battery voltage, then the usb input is us ed to charge the battery. the control circuit always breaks both internal power devices before switching from on e power source to the other to avoid a cross conduction of both power mosfets. usb charge current when the usb port is selected as the power source, the charge-current is enabled by the logic input at the usbon pin. when the usbon is driven to logic low, the charger is disabled. when the usbon is driven to logic high, the charge current is fixed at a typical value of 380ma. thus, for the usb input, the usbon pin has a similar function as the en pin. table 3 describes the usb charge control by both the usbon pin and en pin: the usbon pin is equivalent to a logic low when left floating. typically, the p-channel mosfet for the usb input has an r ds(on) of 600m at room temperature. with a 380ma charge current, the typical head room is 228mv. thus, if the input voltage drops to a level that the voltage difference between the usb pin and the bat pin is less than 228mv, the r ds(on) becomes a limiting factor of the charge-current; and the charger drops out the constant-current regulation. cradle charge current the cradle charge current is enabled by the en pin only; the usbon pin has no control on the cradle charge current. the cradle charge current is programmed with the external resistor connected between the icdl pin and the gnd pin. the current can be calculated with equation 2 given in the icdl pin description on page 7. the typical r ds(on) of the p-channel mosfet for the crdl input is 600m at room temperature. when the head room between the input and output voltages is small, the actual charge current, similar to the usb case, could be limited by the r ds(on). on the other hand, if the headroom between the input and output voltages is large, the charge current may be limited by the thermal foldback threshold. floating charge voltage the floating voltage during the constant voltage phase is 4.2v. the floating voltage has an 1% accuracy over the ambient temperature range of -40c to +85c. trickle charge current when the battery voltage is below the minimum battery voltage v min given in the ?electrica l specification? table on page 4, the charger operates in a trickle/preconditioning mode, where the charge current is typically 18% of the programmed charge current for the cradle input. if power comes from the usb input, the trickle current is approximately 80ma. end-of-charge indication when an eoc condition (charge current falls below i min during constant voltage char ge) is encountered, the chg pin internal open-drain mosfet turns off. the i min threshold is programmable by the resistor at the imin pin for both cradle and usb inputs. once the eo c condition is reached, the status is latched and can be reset at one of the following conditions: 1. the part is disabled and re-enabled 2. the selected input source has been removed and reapplied 3. the usbon turns low and turns back to high for the usb input 4. the bat pin voltage falls below the recharge threshold (~3.9v) table 3. usb charge control en = low en = high usbon = low disabled disabled usbon = high enabled disabled ISL9214A
9 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 figure 11 shows the typical charge profile including the end-of-charge event. power presence indication when either the usb or the cr adle input voltage is above the por threshold, the ppr pin internal open-drain mosfet turns on indicating the presence of input power. power-good conditions even if there is power present, the charger will not deliver any current to the output if the power-good conditions are not met. the following two conditions together define the power-good voltage range: 1. vcdrl or vusb > vpor 2. vcdrl or vusb - vbat > vos where vpor is the power-on reset threshold and vos is the offset voltage for the input and output voltage comparator. all of these thresholds have hysteresis, as given in the ?electrical specification? ta ble on page 4. the charger will not charge the battery if the input voltage does not meet the power-good conditions. thermal foldback (thermaguard?) the thermal foldback function reduces the charge current when the internal temperature reaches the thermal foldback threshold, which is typically +125c. this protects the charger from excessive thermal stress at high input voltages. input bypass capacitors due to the inductance of the power leads of the wall adapter or usb source, the input capacitor type must be properly selected to prevent high voltage transient during a hot-plug event. a tantalum capacitor is a good choice for its high esr, which provides damping to the voltage transient. multi- layer ceramic capacitors, howe ver, have a very low esr, and hence, when chosen as input capacitors, a 1 series resistor must be used (as shown in the ?typical applications? on page 3) in order to provide adequate damping. state diagram the state diagram for the charger functions is shown in figure 12. the diagram starts with the power-off state. when at least one input voltage rises above the por threshold, the charge resets it self. if both input voltages are above the por threshold, t he charger selects the crdl input as the power source. then, if the en pin is at a logic high voltage, the charger sta ys in disabled state. if the en pin goes low, the fast charge starts. any time the en pin turns high, the charger returns to the disabled state. when the eoc condition is reached, the chg will turn to logic high to indicate a charge complete status but the charge will continue. the eoc conditio n is then latched until one of the four re-charge conditions is encountered, as shown in figure 11. i ref trickle cc cv i ref 18 100 i min 4.2v time 2.6v charge current charge voltage 3.9v chg indication figure 11. typical charge cycle ISL9214A
10 fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 fast charge charger: on ppr: on chg: on charge complete charger: on ppr: on chg: off v bat > v rch and i chg < i min source selected charger disabled charger: off ppr: on chg: off enabled, vbat v por v usb > v por en = hi por crdl input selected charger: off ppr: on chg: off v crdl > v por v usb < v por en = hi v crdl < v por v usb > v por en = hi por usb input selected charger: off ppr: on chg: off trickle charge charger: on ppr: on chg: on enabled, vbat>vmin vbat>vmin recharge condition is met and vbat> vmin figure 12. state diagram ISL9214A
11 all intersil u.s. products are manufactured, asse mbled and tested utilizing iso9000 quality systems. intersil corporation?s quality certifications ca n be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality intersil products are sold by description only. intersil corpor ation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, soft ware and/or specifications at any time without notice. accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. information furnishe d by intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of paten ts or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of intersil or its subsidiari es. for information regarding intersil corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com fn6698.0 may 5, 2008 ISL9214A dual flat no-lead plastic package (dfn) // nx (b) section "c-c" for odd terminal/side e cc 5 c l terminal tip (a1) bottom view a 6 area index c c 0.10 0.08 side view 0.10 2x e a b c 0.10 d top view cb 2x 6 8 area index nx l e2 e2/2 ref. e n (nd-1)xe (datum a) (datum b) 5 0.10 8 7 d2 b a c n-1 12 plane seating c a a3 nx b d2/2 nx k 9 l m l10.3x3c 10 lead dual flat no-lead plastic package symbol millimeters notes min nominal max a 0.85 0.90 0.95 - a1 - - 0.05 - a3 0.20 ref - b 0.20 0.25 0.30 5, 8 d 3.00 bsc - d2 2.33 2.38 2.43 7, 8 e 3.00 bsc - e2 1.59 1.64 1.69 7, 8 e 0.50 bsc - k0.20 - - - l 0.35 0.40 0.45 8 n102 nd 5 3 rev. 1 4/06 notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing conform to asme y14.5-1994. 2. n is the number of terminals. 3. nd refers to the number of terminals on d. 4. all dimensions are in millim eters. angles are in degrees. 5. dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 6. the configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. the pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. 7. dimensions d2 and e2 are fo r the exposed pads which provide improved electrical and thermal performance. 8. nominal dimensions are provided to assist with pcb land pattern design efforts, see intersil technical brief tb389. 9. compliant to jedec mo-229-weed-3 except for dimensions e2 & d2.

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